GOVERNMENT
The chief executive is appointed by China's central government after selection by an election committee, whose members are nominated by corporate bodies. The chief executive appears before a cabinet, the Executive Council (Exco), of between 7 and 11 members. The latest Exco, appointed on December 15, 2004, has 10 members. The term of office of the chief executive is 5 years, and no individual may serve for more than two consecutive terms. The chief executive has strong policymaking and executive powers similar to those of a president. These powers are, however, limited from above by the central government in Beijing, to whom the chief executive reports directly, and from below (to a more limited extent) by the legislature. Edmund Ho, a community leader and banker, is the first China-appointed chief executive of the Macau SAR, having replaced General de Rocha Viera on December 20, 1999. Ho was re-appointed to a second term on September 20, 2004.
The legislative organ of the territory is the Legislative Assembly, a 29-member body of 12 directly elected members, 10 appointed members representing functional constituencies, and seven members appointed by the chief executive. The Legislative Assembly is responsible for general lawmaking, including taxation, the passing of the budget, and socioeconomic legislation. In the last election, held in September 2005, pro-entertainment industry groups won five of the 10 directly elected seats, pro-democracy groups won two seats, and pro-China parties won four; a former civil servant took the remaining seat. The next election will be held in 2009. The city of Macau and the islands of Taipa and Coloane each had a municipal council until January 1, 2002, when the Civic and Municipal Bureau was formally established to replace the two municipal councils.
The
legal system is based largely on Portuguese law. The territory
has its own independent judicial system, with a high court. Judges
are selected by a committee and appointed by the chief executive.
Foreign judges may serve on the courts. In July 1999 the chief
executive appointed a seven-person committee to select judges
for the SAR. Twenty-four judges were recommended by the committee
and were then appointed by Mr. Ho. Macau has three courts: the
Court of the First Instance, the Court of the Second Instance,
and the Court of Final Appeal, Macau's highest court. Sam Hou
Fai is the President (Chief Justice) of the Court of Final Appeal.
Principal
Government Officials
Chief Executive--Edmund Ho Hau Wah
Secretary of Administration and Justice--Florinda da Rosa Silva Chan
Secretary of Economy and Finance--Francis Tam Pak Yuen
Secretary of Security--Cheong Kuoc Va
Secretary of Social Affairs and Culture--Fernando Chui Sai On
Secretary of Transport and Public Works--Lau Sio Io
Government Type: Special
Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China
since December 20, 1999 with its own mini-constitution (the Basic
Law).
Branches: Executive--President of the People's Republic
of China (head of state), Chief executive (head of government),
Executive Council (cabinet). Legislative--Legislative Council.
Judicial--Independent judicial system with a high court (the Court
of Final Appeal).
